In Information Science, an ontology is the product of an attempt to formulate an exhaustive and rigorous conceptual schema about a domain. This domain does not have to be the complete knowledge of that topic, but purely a domain of interest decided upon by the creator of the ontology.
An ontology is typically a hierarchical data structure containing all the relevant entities and their relationships and rules within that domain (e.g., a domain ontology). However, computational ontology does not have to be hierarchical at all. The computer science usage of the term ontology is derived from the much older usage of the term ontology in philosophy.
An ontology which is not tied to a particular problem domain but attempts to describe general entities is known as a foundation ontology or upper ontology. Typically, more specialized domain specific schemata must be created to make the data useful for real world decisions.
Ontologies are used in Artificial Intelligence systems and Expert Systems. Expert systems are programs that analyze information about specific problems and are made up of a set of rules. Expert systems are for instance used by helpdesk problem classifications and determination.
A domain ontology is an ontology tied to a specific domain. A foundation ontology is a form of ontology that tries to be less specific, and in that way more generally applicable. It contains a core glossary in whose terms everything else in a broad domain can and must be described. An example is the 2000 words of English required by Longman's dictionary, used to define the 4000 most common English idioms. A foundation ontology in computer science would serve as core ontology for both computer programs and users, influencing their view of data and events.
A computer science example is that, by default, all computer programs have a foundation ontology consisting of a processor instruction set, standard library in a programming language, files in accessible file systems, or some other list of 'what exists'. Because these may be poor representations for certain problem domains, more specialized schema must be created to make the data useful in making real world decisions. Thus the need for standards which take 'core' ontologies (e.g. the Dublin Core in SGML) and solidify them into 'foundations'.
Tom R. Gruber and R. Studer have described an ontology in this sense as "an explicit and formal specification of a conceptualization" .
Could some one explain this better? For some reason its not clicking with me. I think I sort of get the concept. Kind of like clustering information into differant groups?
I'm getting the idea that ontologies mean a huge database of information that's been assorted into different groups. I get the visual pictureof a directory listing (i.e. www.dmoz.org) where you arrange websites for example into directories and into certain groups into an organized and heirarchical manner. This, ideally, should allow a user to arrange, compile and find back the data that he wants and needs.
This is a classical way of arranging data. Nowadays, with fast searching technology, i'm more in avour of a flat-style database. This means a single folder with everything inside it. This database can then be searched using relevant terms so that you can get different results everytime you launch a different search. This eliminates having to look through many folders before you come to the one that you want and also eliminates redundancies.
What are redundancies? Well, imagine if your file fits two categories. Do you put them in both? If you do, then the second file is redundant because it takes up and wastes space. With a flat database design, you eliminate any and all redundancies.
Ontology in philosophical terms is the study of existance or being. It simply brings up the questions; what exists, what does it mean to exist, how do we know we exist, thoughts of that nature. Now in the terms defined above...I know nothing.
After working in KM for a year and dating a Communication undergraduate I have come to understand
the intractabley complex problem of understanding the true nature of knowledge transfer (and women).
Also, I have recently got into Haskell, which is a remarkabley expressive functional programming
language in which I have demonstrated this problem. The first part is a fix for the strictness
problem with logical conjunction and disjuncition. In certain cases, you wish these to be strict in
the first argument to prevent program errors in statements such as if ((p!=NULL)&&....
Hello, I havent really seen to many coldfusion tutorials around. I also looked for some on here
which I couldnt find any... (Must have over looked if I did'nt see it). Anyways we are going
to be learning the basics of ColdFusion and from now on I may refer to it as CF so please do not get
confused. CF is a very powerfull scripting language, it is a easy transistion if you know PHP, and
is also easy to learn if you do not. In CF you have diffrent operators styles and IF formats.
Example: PHP Operators in a IF statement if( var1 == var2 ){ // What Happens H....
i recently came to fine myself looking into space on a cold night in winter. but as i look up at the
ever glistening stars i finde myself asking a question Q. are we drifting further into space you
see my theory is this our solar sytem flows by the use of gravitational pull between the planets.
(as far as i am aware) but we dont circle our orbit in an exact circly infact its more a oval. but
even so we remaine in this alusive gravitaitional feild between the planets. recent studdy sugest
that earlyer in time our gravitational pull was rounder to form a shap closer....
There are interesting observations upon this subject. QUOTE Tom Lehrer had an interesting view
of Mathematics, as is seen in his alliteration of the Periodic Table “There's antimony,
arsenic, aluminum, selenium, And hydrogen and oxygen and nitrogen and rhenium, .... And
chlorine, carbon, cobalt, copper, tungsten, tin, and sodium. These are the only ones of which the
news has come to Ha'vard, And there may be many others but they haven't been
discarvard.” Equally interesting is his "The Derivative Song" where everyone will learn ea....
I am sure many of you would have used Adsense for Search. You include Google Search in your site.
Someone comes along and does a search for some XYZ . He finds an ad interesting among those results
and he clicks. Voila!!! You get paid!!! Very convenient!!! I
have been using this for sometime now and yesterday, I discovered a bug. Remember the code, that
Google asks you to paste in your site in order to use Adsense Search CODE <!-- Search
Google --> <center> <form method="get" action="http....
1.What year did Age of Empires make its first debut? a.1995 b.1996 c.1997 d.1998 e.1999 2.Which one
of the tribes is not in the Age of Empires 3:War Cheifs expansioin? a:Aztec b:Iroquois c:Comanche
d:Sioux 3.Which Age of Empires spans a thousand years,from the fall of Rome through the Middle
Ages? Age of Empires 1, 2, or 3? 4.Which Age of Empires game was ported to the Nintendo DS? Age of
Empires 1,2, or 3? 5.In Age of Empires 3:Warcheifs,what are the warcheif unit's powers?
a.Ability to convert guardians of treasure spots. b.Massive number of hit points make ....
Ok so many of us study on and on for hours especially at the last minute to try and remember things
for the test. Most of the time this doesn't work and we don't remember half of what we
studied. Well in history class we were talking about study tools and what not and he brought up
something I've never known and would like to share. So basically our brains are computers,
they have a short term and long term memory. When we study, we put the knowledge in our short term
memory and for most people after 15 minutes or so our short term is full. Well in orde....
Ok. I have recently thought of a great idea for a website! This website would be a site
designed solely (SP?) for the purpose of finding music. No, it wouldn't find the song you are
looking for by the name of it (why then would you be looking for it in the first place?
/tongue.gif" style="vertical-align:middle" emoid=":P" border="0" alt="tongue.gif" />), it would find
the song by the tune of it. Users would enter basic notes into a prompt for the search
function and upon submit, the site would retrieve the most relevant matches. This could all be achi....
Hey, I am helping a friend with forum software he's making, unfortunately we have run into a few
brick walls and need help from an Experienced PHP programmer who is good with forums. If you could
lend us a hand, it would be greatly appreciated! BTW further to my other posts on this forum, I
now only have 4 30Gigs Invites, that I am willing to give to anyone who helps (there will be more on
the way!!!) Thanks, Insanity /ph34r.gif' border='0' style='vertical-align:middle'
alt='ph34r.gif' /> /ph34r.gif' border='0' style='vertical-align:middle'....
Alright, hey guys. I'm still new to Trap17, but I'm ganna do my best to help people out in
any way possible, I'd like to start by writing tutorials for people(thanks to BuffaloHELP for
telling me were here to post this)! Skills -Alright, I'm very good with computer,
inside and out. I personaly work with Windows XP, so I can help out with most everything in this
general area(but there still are things I don't know!) Since, just saying "Windows XP" is a
little vague, I'll go more in-depth. -If your having a problem with you....
hello, i'm thinking, how difficult to implement the game server site. it could include the
skill area of networking, computer hardware and software, web development and game mastering.. is
anybody have any single experience on developing the game server? pls share your knowledge according
to your respected area involved.. on your experience, is there any links or websites for reference
to sharing are welcome.. p.s. i knew some on server computer hardware and software... /smile.gif'
border='0' style='vertical-align:middle' alt='smile.gif' /> ....
Well, I have another free host thing that will gie you unlimited space for a forum. And you get ftp
access, all that. But the thing that bothers me is it costs $2.50 to get ONE MySQL Database.
So, I want to link the data base to here in PhPbb, does any one know what the DSN would be for my
koc.trap17.com? I really need some help with it thanks! /biggrin.gif' border='0'
style='vertical-align:middle' alt='biggrin.gif' /> ....
Here are the Uptown Girl Lyrics: BEFORE YOU READ THIS I DO NOT LIKE THIS TYPE OF MUSIC. THREFORE DO
NOT JUDGE ME BY IT:: THANKYOU -------------------------- Woah, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh Woah, oh,
oh, oh, oh, oh, oh Uptown girl She’s been living in her uptown world I bet she never had a
backstreet guy (Woah) I bet her mama never told her why (Woah, woah) I’m gonna try for an uptown
girl (Uptown girl) She’s been living in her white-bread world (White-bread world) As long as anyone
with hot blood can (Hot blood can) And now she’s looking for a downtown man (Downtown ma....
Hi there! I'm making this post to share and learn something with all the webdesigners or
not that build or have builded websites with asp only, or, asp and another languages. Please, give
in your feedback the asp tools that you work with to build websites or just to help build websites.
So, here are my favorite asp tools to build a more dynamic content and design: Macromedia
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Today I have read post of dear atoz about download managers in which he wrote QUOTE Here are
some of the download managers with a lot of features... 1) Download Accelerator Plus... SpeedBit
I think most of us will know that Download Accelerator Plus is a adware which puts ads on your
system. But there will be also some members who don't know it. So I am starting this thread in
which members can tell other members about the adware/spyware/malware progrms. It will be benefical
to many less technical members. These are the adware/spyware/malware programs a....
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