I happened to notice the comment where England has a national curriculum (everyone one learns the same thing throughout the school year). The same thing applies here in Japan. Working in several public schools in Japan all this time has allowed me to make some observations about the Japanese school system and how it works. Compared to how I was educated in Canada, here are some things I've noticed. Note that I'm not going to say whether this is better or worse than the system I grew up in, just talk about it:
The system is set as a 6-3-3-4 schedule - 6 years of elementary school, 3 years of junior high school, 3 years of senior high school, and four years of university (if the student chooses to attend) Alternatively, there is also the option of junior college, which is about two years.
The school year starts in April and ends in March.
Students are required by law to attend school until he or she finishes junior high school.
All elementary schools and many junior high schools are provided with school lunch. Generally, the cost is around 4000 yen per month.
Students are not allowed to bring snacks to school.
No student repeats a grade.
Students are not taught to form a strong opinion and to think for themselves, however, group work is encouraged.
In junior high school, students are required to join a club and attendance is mandatory (especially in the sports clubs)
I believe there is more, but this is what has come to mind in this post.
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