All You need to know about surfing the internet when you hit a website.

All of us surf the internet almost daily.But what happens while browsing and whats the backend process. Hope
my explaination will guide you.

First of all when we want to surf the internet we open a webborwser and we locate the address bar or the URL bar.
URL is nothing but Uniform resource locator .We enter the website address in the URL space or what we call the
address bar and we hit enter.

Actually what happens is every website has a webserver and when we connect it we actually connect to the webserver
,each webserver has an IP address. For example for www.google.com the IP address is 209.85.175.99 .so instead of
entering www.google.com you can also enter the IP adderess and it will direct you to the google homepage.

But why do we use Domain names intstead of IP address?
The answer for this question is so simple that we as humans we find it difficult the remember numbers thats the
IP address .

Let us consider a real life example. as of today if we consider that you know 100 websites byheart and you use
them regularly , if at all you had to remember the IP adderss for those 100 websites instead of the Domain names
do you think that you will remember ? Certainly not. so only for the advantage of the humans this IP to Domain name
Conversion has been implemented.

Now let us study how does this work. Now the scenario is you want to connect to a web server of a particular IP
address and you dont know the actual IP address.You know only the DoMAIn name.

There are some servers known as DNS . these are Domain Namer Server. Each webserver has its own Domain Name server
It is the work of this server to Convert the Name into the IP address.
Let us consider you and me as the client for the webserver. The Scenario now is that the client wants to connect
to the server but the client dont know the IP address of the server it just know the Domain name so can the client
connect to the Domain Name server of the webserver and get the IP and then connect itself to ther server?

No the Client without knowing the IP address of the server it has to collect the IP and then with the Ip only
it can establish connection.

What does the client do inorder to know the IP .?
THere are 10 ROOT DOMAIN NAME SERVERS IN THE WORLD,when the client enters the domain the Local Domain Name Server
of the client is checked whether it has any Cachae and in that the IP is available for the requested domain.
The Local Domain name server will contain the IP address if an only if the Domain has been visited previosly.
In this case the IP address is retrived from the local Domain Name Server and the connection is established
between the client and the requested webserver.

Now what if the local DOmain Name Server dosent contain the Ip address of the requested Domain.In such a case
the Local DoMain name server contacts the roon Domain Name server. The root Domain name server just looks at
the ending portion of the domain whether it is .com or .net or so , then it transfers the control to the DNS server of .COM
.net or the specified extention. Then in this case let us consider client has requested for an .com website.

So now the control has been transfered to the .com Domain Name server. Now the .com Domain name server reads the subdomain or the domain
itself if there is no subdomain and it points or transferrs control to the Domain Name Server of the requested
web server.

Now the control has been transfered to the requested webserver's Domain name server. This Server has the IP address of its web server and it gives it to
the client.

Now the Client has got the IP address of the requested webserver and it connects to the website directly.

Thus this is what happens when you enter a website in the browser and hit enter.